Gerund, Participle or Infinitive?

 English

Copy & Answer this in a size 1 paper. Then I will check it afterwards.

1) Facing college standards, the students realized that they hadn't worked hard enough in high school.

2) Swimming in your pool is always fun.

3) The college recommends sending applications early.

4) Mrs. Sears showing more bravery than wisdom invited thirty boys and girls to a party.

5) To be great is to be true to yourself and to the highest principles of honor.

6) He won the game by scoring during the overtime period.

7) Jim is expected to program computers at his new job.

8) Her most important achievement was winning the national championship.

9) Going to work today took all my energy.

10) The student left in charge of the class was unable to keep order.

11) The president wants to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

12) Fighting for a losing cause made them depressed.

13) Getting up at five, we got an early start.

14) Telling your father was a mistake.

15) The crying boy angered by the bully began to fight.

16) Applicants must investigate various colleges learning as much as possible about them before applying for admission.

17) Statistics reported by the National Education Association revealed that seventy percent of American colleges offer remedial English classes emphasizing composition.

18) Gathering my courage, I asked for a temporary loan.

19) Starting out as an army officer Karen's father was frequently transferred.

20) To fight against those odds would be ridiculous.

Basics of Ecology

Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, "house"; -λογία, "study of") is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment. Variables of interest to ecologists include the composition, distribution, amount (biomass), number, and changing states of organisms within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are hierarchical systems that are organized into a graded series of regularly interacting and semi-independent parts (e.g., species) that aggregate into higher orders of complex integrated wholes (e.g., communities). Ecosystems are sustained by the biodiversity within them. Biodiversity is the full-scale of life and its processes, including genes, species and ecosystems forming lineages that integrate into a complex and regenerative spatial arrangement of types, forms, and interactions. Ecosystems create biophysical feedback mechanisms between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of the planet. These feedback loops regulate and sustain local communities, continental climate systems, and global biogeochemical cycles.

Ecological Organization Pyramid:

The study of ecology has many layers, ranging from the individual organism, to the population, to the ecosystem, to the planet. It is important for students to know the levels within this hierarchy and to recognize which level they are focusing on at any one time. For the purposes of this activity, students will learn about the different levels (organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere) by choosing an organism and the illustrating a pyramid about that organism. The result is a colorful display of organizational pyramids.
Objectives
Can define and explain the relationships among: individual organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere.
Can explain some of the reasons why different regions of the globe have different climates, and thus support different biomes.
Can describe the characteristics of familiar biomes: tundra, desert, prairie (grassland), deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, ocean.
Vocabulary
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Tundra
Desert
Prairie
Deciduous forest
Tropical rain forest
Ocean

Science: Scope and Sequence 4th Quarter

UNIT 7 – MOTION AND WORK

Content Standard:

The learner demonstrates understanding on force, the laws of motion, and pressure in relation to observance of safety measures.

Performance Standard:

Learners, working in groups, integrate their understanding of force, the laws of motion and pressure in a clear, practical/applicable and comprehensive guide on safety and protection.

TOPIC

Force

Types of Force

1st Law of Motion

2nd Law of Motion

3rd Law of Motion

Force & Pressure

Pressure of Fluids

Long Test

Work

Simple machines

Work input & work output

Power

UNIT 8 – ENERGY

Content Standard:

The learner demonstrates understanding of the importance of advocating efficient energy transfer.

Performance Standard:

Learners, working in groups, advocate efficient use of energy and its alternative sources in the community through a cooperatively planned, relevant, comprehensive, accurate and creative or innovative activity.

TOPIC

Potential & Kinetic energy

Forms of energy

Energy transformation

Renewable & Nonrenewable sources of energy

Conservation of energy

UNIT 9 – ECOLOGY

Content Standard:

The learner demonstrates understanding of humans as stewards of our finite earth. 

Performance Standard:

Learners, working in groups, contribute to conservation of resources and/or solution of an ecological problem existing in the immediate community through the cooperative conduct of an innovative/ creative environmental activity or project.

           

TOPICS

Characteristics of Living things

The Cell

Cell structure & function

Living Things & their Environment

Ecosystem

Habitat & Niche

Characteristics of Ecosystems

Energy flow

Long Test

Bio-Geo Cycles

Carbon dioxide – Oxygen cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Sulfur cycle

Man & His Environment

Human Impact on Ecosystem

Conservation of Natural resources

Forest & wildlife conservation

Water & Air conservation

4^TH Quarter Performance Task: Science Investigatory Project

Textbook: You and the Natural World - Integrated Science; L. Vengco, T. Religioso

References:

1.       Exploring Science by CDIS

2.       Prentice Hall: The Nature of Science

3.       Glencoe: Physical Science

4.       Glencoe: Science Voyages

5.       Glencoe: General Science                                 

6.      Prentice Hall: Physics 

Ecological Communities, Ecological Habitat and Ecological Niche

Ecological Community

-An ecological community is defined as a group of actually or potentially interacting species living in the same place.

Ecological Niche

-The Ecological Niche of an organism describes how that particular individual "fits" into its ecosystem. Within its habitat, it must make use of available resources, withstand abitoic and biotic factors, with the help of adaptations. In other words, a niche is the role that the individual organism plays in its nonliving and living environment. 

Ecological Habitat

-Technically, a habitat is where a specific species lives, and describes the location in physical terms (ocean, salt marsh, sandy beach). A "biome" is a type of habitat unassociated with a species. For example, you will find the "boreal forest" biome in two continents, but only one of them is habitat for the north American Snowy Owl.

11 Characteristics of Living Things

Defining "life" is a very difficult task, and scientists don’t all agree on a common list of the characteristics of life. Some of the other characteristics that the students may discover in their research, and which are often listed in textbooks, include those listed below. Many of these traits are not limited to living things. For example, fire uses energy, grows, and can reproduce, but it is not considered alive in part because it cannot evolve; its traits are necessary, but not sufficient, for life. NASA scientist Bruce Jakosky, in his book The Search for Life on Other Planets, provides a generally accepted definition of something being “alive” if it 1) utilizes energy from some source to drive chemical reactions, 2) is capable of reproduction, and 3) can undergo evolution.

Characteristics of Living Things

• All organisms use energy (metabolism).
• All organisms maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis).
• All organisms detect and respond to select external stimuli.
• All organisms can engage in movement (which may occur internally, or even at the cellular level).
• All organisms show growth and development; that is, specialization of cells or structures. (Even unicellular organisms show a tiny amount of growth, and single cells repair and use materials from the environment to replace internal structures as needed.)
• All organisms reproduce. (Even if an individual can’t reproduce, its species can.) In addition, an individual’s cells are constantly reproducing themselves.
• All organisms have nucleic acid as the hereditary molecule.
• All organisms show adaptation, which occurs at the individual level and is tightly related to homeostasis.
• All organisms are made of one or more cells.
• All organisms exhibit complex organization, grouping molecules together to form cells; at a higher level, cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.
• All organisms exhibit evolution over time due to mutation and natural selection (which operates at the species level).

Components of Ecosystem

There are two components: ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC COMPONENTS

ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:
Sunlight
Temperature
Precipitation
Water or Moisture
Soil or water chemistry

BIOTIC COMPONENTS:
Primary Producers
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores

However these are some other abiotic and biotic components:

OTHER ABIOTIC COMPONENTS

Abiotic components are such physical and chemical factors of an ecosystem as light, temperature, atmosphere gases(nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide are the most important), water, wind, soil. These specific abiotic factors represent the geological, geographical, hydrological and climatological features of a particular ecosystem. Separately:

* Water, which is at the same time an essential element to life and a milieu
* Air, which provides oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide to living species and allows the dissemination of pollen and spores
* Soil, at the same time source of nutriment and physical support. The salinity, nitrogen and phosphorus content, ability to retain water, and density are all influential.
* Temperature, which should not exceed certain extremes, even if tolerance to heat is significant for some species
* Light, which provides energy to the ecosystem through photosynthesis
* Natural disasters can also be considered abiotic. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, a moderate amount of disturbance does good to increase the biodiversity.


OTHER BIOTIC COMPONENTS

The living organisms are the biotic components of an ecosystem. In ecosystems, living things are classified after the way they get their food.

Biotic Components include the following:

Autotrophs produce their own organic nutrients for themselves and other members of the community; therefore, they are called the producers. There are basically two kinds of autotrophs, "chemoautotrophs and photoautogrophs. "

Chemautotrophs are bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds such as ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides , and they use this energy to synthesize carbohydrates.

Photoautotrophs are photosynthesizers such as algae and green plants that produce most of the organic nutrients for the biosphere.

Heterotrophs, as consumers that are unable to produce, are constantly looking for source of organic nutrients from elsewhere. Herbivores like giraffe are animals that graze directly on plants or algae. Carnivores as wolf feed on other animals; birds that feed on insects are carnivores, and so are hawks that feed on birds. Omnivores are animals that feed both on plants and animals, as human.

Detritivores - organisms that rely on detritus, the decomposing particles of organic matter, for food. Earthworms and some beetles, termites, and maggots are all terrestrial detritivores.

Nonphotosynthetic bacteria and fungi, including mushrooms, are decomposers that carry out decomposition, the breakdown of dead organic matter, including animal waste. Decomposers perform a very valuable service by releasing inorganic substances that are taken up by plants once more.

At Mergrande Beach Resort Family Outing

Living and Non-Living Things

Living Things and Non-Living Things

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Sexy and I Know It

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MyRocksMen

MY ROCKS MEN

Long Test

50 items

Renewable & Non-Renewable Sources of Energy

A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more available for future needs. Also considered non-renewable are resources that are consumed much faster than nature can create them. Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas), nuclear power (uranium) and certain aquifers are examples. In contrast, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) or metals (which can be recycled) are considered renewable resources.

A renewable resource is a natural resource with the ability of being replaced through biological or other natural processes and replenished with the passage of time. Renewable resources are part of our natural environment and form our eco-system.
In 1962, within a report to the committee on natural resources which was forwarded to the President of the United States, Paul Weiss defined Renewable Resources as: "The total range of living organisms providing man with food, fibers, drugs, etc...".^[1]
Renewable resources are endangered by industrial developments and growth. They must be carefully managed to avoid exceeding the natural world's capacity to replenish them. A life cycle assessment provides a systematic means of evaluating renewability. This is a matter of sustainability in the natural environment.
Solar radiation, tides, winds, geothermal, biomass and other natural elements are renewable resources of energy now called renewable energies.
Gasoline, coal, natural gas, diesel and other commodities derived from fossil fuels, as well as minerals like copper and others, are non-renewable resources without a sustainable yield.

Lotto Schedule

 Lotto Draw Schedules


6/55 GrandLotto Draws Every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 9:00 p.m.

6/49 SuperLotto Draws Every Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday at 9:00 p.m.

6/45 MegaLotto Draws Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 9:00 p.m.

6/42 Lotto Draws Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 9:00 p.m.

6-Digit Lotto Draws Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 9:00 p.m.M

4-Digit Lotto Draws Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 9:00 p.m.

3-Digit Suertres game is done thrice a day (11:00a.m, 4:00 p.m. & 9:00 p.m.) for Visayas, Mindanao and Luzon, daily Monday to Sunday.

EZ2 Lotto Draws Everyday at 11:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. daily Monday to Sunday for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

 All LOTTO Draws can be seen live over NBN 4

Potential & Kinetic Energy

All energy can be in one of two states:  potential energy or kinetic energy.
Energy can be transferred from potential to kinetic and between objects.
Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to go.  A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on top of a hill, and students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy is the energy possessed by a body because of its elevation (height) relative to a lower elevation, that is, the energy that could be obtained by letting it fall to a lower elevation.  For example, water at the top of a waterfall or stored behind a dam at a hydroelectric plant has gravitational potential energy.

Most of the energy under our control is in the form of potential energy.  Potential energy can be viewed as motion waiting to happen.  When the motion is needed, potential energy can be changed into one of the six forms of kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is energy at work.  A lawn mower cutting grass, a car racing down a hill, and students running home from school are examples of kinetic energy.  So is the light energy emitted by lamps.  Even electrical energy is kinetic energy.  Whenever we use energy to do work, it is in the kinetic state.

The kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion.
In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is ½ mv². In relativistic mechanics, this is only a good approximation when v is much less than the speed of light.

In physics, potential energy is the energy of a body or a system with respect to the position of the body or the arrangement of the particles of the system.

The SI unit of measure for energy and work is the Joule (symbol J).
Formula:
PE=mgh
where:
PE=Potential Energy
m=mass
g=acceleration due to gravity
h=height

Energy and its Many Forms & Energy Transformation

The meaning of energy and it’s seven forms.

Energy
Energy is the ability to cause and change. The capacity to perform work.  An exertion of force.  In all, it is the ability to  make something happen. Energy forms are either kinetic or potential.  Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position while kinetic energy is motion
Seven forms of  energy:
1. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is stored in  the nucleus of an atom.  The energy that holds the nucleus together.  The energy can be released when  the  nuclei are combined or split apart.
 

2. Radiant Energy
Radiant energy is the electromagnetic energy that travels in  transverses waves.  Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays amd radio waves.  Light is one type of radiant energy.  Solar energy is an example of radiant energy.
Solar
 
-o-
Radio Waves

3. Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is  the movement of electrical charges.  Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms.  Electrical charges moving  through a wire is called electricity.  Lighting is an example of electrical energy.
 

4. Chemical Energy
Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.  It is the energy that holds these particles together.  Examples are biomass, petroleum, natural gas and propane.


5. Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy relates to the movement of objects or its position in relation to gravity.
 
6. Sound Energy
Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves.  Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate.  The energy is transferred through  the substance in a wave.
Acoustic Speakers
 
-o-
Sonar

7. Thermal Energy  
Thermal energy is the internal energy  in substances.  The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances.  Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy.
Geothermal Plant

 For further reading on renewable energy, please read “Bloom Box – The Holy Grail of Renewable Energy“

Energy Transformation:

Energy transformation is when energy changes into another form. In physics, the term energy describes the capacity to produce certain changes within a system, without regard to limitations in transformation imposed by entropy.

Examples of sets of energy conversions in machines

For instance, a coal-fired power plant involves these energy transformations:

1. Chemical energy in the coal converted to thermal energy
2. Thermal energy converted to kinetic energy in steam
3. Kinetic energy converted to mechanical energy in the turbine
4. Mechanical energy of the turbine converted to electrical energy, which is the ultimate output

In such a system, the last step is almost perfectly efficient, the first and second steps are fairly efficient, but the third step is relatively inefficient. The most efficient gas-fired electrical power stations can achieve 50% conversion efficiency. Oil and coal fired stations achieve less.
In a conventional automobile, these energy transformations are involved:

1. Potential energy in the fuel converted to kinetic energy of expanding gas via combustion
2. Kinetic energy of expanding gas converted to linear piston movement
3. Linear piston movement converted to rotary crankshaft movement
4. Rotary crankshaft movement passed into transmission assembly
5. Rotary movement passed out of transmission assembly
6. Rotary movement passed through differential
7. Rotary movement passed out of differential to drive wheels
8. Rotary movement of drive wheels converted to linear motion of the vehicle.

[edit] Other energy conversions

There are many different machines and transducers that convert one energy form into another. A short list of examples follows:

• Thermoelectric (Heat → Electric energy)
• Geothermal power (Heat→ Electric energy)
• Heat engines, such as the internal combustion engine used in cars, or the steam engine (Heat → Mechanical energy)
• Ocean thermal power (Heat → Electric energy)
• Hydroelectric dams (Gravitational potential energy → Electric energy)
• Electric generator (Kinetic energy or Mechanical work → Electric energy)
• Fuel cells (Chemical energy → Electric energy)
• Battery (electricity) (Chemical energy → Electric energy)
• Fire (Chemical energy → Heat and Light)
• Electric lamp (Electric energy → Heat and Light)
• Microphone (Sound → Electric energy)
• Wave power (Mechanical energy → Electric energy)
• Windmills (Wind energy → Electric energy or Mechanical energy)
• Piezoelectrics (Strain → Electric energy)
• Acoustoelectrics (Sound → Electric energy)
• Friction (Kinetic energy → Heat)
• Electric Energy into Thermal Energy Example:Heater
• light energy into electrical energy example chocolates

Long Test

60 items.

New Year!

Happy New Year!